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2026 Iranian diaspora protests

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2026 Iranian diaspora protests
Part of the reactions to the 2025–2026 Iranian protests, reactions to the 2026 Iran conflict
Members of the Iranian diaspora in Perth, Australia, holding a solidarity rally on 10 January 2026 against the Islamic Republic.
DateJanuary 2026 – present
Location
International across at least 30 countries and 73 cities[1][2]

During the 2025–2026 Iranian protests and the ensuing internet blackout and massacres in Iran, many people across the Iranian diaspora held solidarity rallies worldwide against the Islamic Republic.[2][1]

Reza Pahlavi also declared 14 February as a "global day of action", and called for major diaspora solidarity rallies in Los Angeles, Toronto, and Munich.[3] Iranians from neighboring countries, states, and cities drove, bussed, and flew in for the Munich, Toronto, and Los Angeles rallies.[4][5] Over 250,000 attended the 14 February rally in Munich, making it the largest ever Iran-focused demonstration in European history to date, while the Toronto and Los Angeles rallies each drew 350,000 in attendance.[6][7][5]

After the start of the Iran war on 28 February, celebratory rallies against the Islamic Republic were held worldwide, led by the Iranian diaspora.[8][9]

Diaspora protests

[edit]

Beginning in January 2026, solidarity rallies were held worldwide in many countries, including in Canada,[10][11][6] the United States,[12][13][14][6] the United Kingdom,[15][16][17][18] Norway,[19] Sweden,[18] Finland,[2] Denmark,[20] Germany,[18][21][6] the Netherlands,[21] Belgium,[22] France,[18] Switzerland,[1] Portugal,[1] Spain,[23] Austria,[19] Hungary,[19] Italy,[24] Poland,[25] Slovenia,[2] Bulgaria,[2] Greece,[26][2] Cyprus,[19] Romania,[27] Ukraine,[19] Turkey,[28] Ghana,[19] Israel,[1] Georgia,[1][29] Armenia,[1] India,[1] South Korea,[1] Japan,[19] Australia,[30][31] New Zealand,[32] and Chile.[2]

By 20 January, the country with the most rallies was Germany with 27 rallies in the ten days between 11 and 20 January. The US and Australia held 23 rallies each during this period, Canada held 19, and the UK held 12.[1] While the number of protesters across many of the rallies is unclear, by 1 February, a rally in Toronto was reported to have 150,000 in attendance with "zero incidents" according to Toronto police,[33] and a rally in Los Angeles was reported to have 60,000 in attendance.[1][2][34]

While the protests in Iran were suppressed with deadly force, the worldwide solidarity rallies across the diaspora have continued.[29][6] Reza Pahlavi also declared 14 February as a "global day of action", and called for major diaspora solidarity rallies in Los Angeles, Toronto, and Munich.[3][4][35][36] Iranians from neighboring countries, states, and cities drove, bussed, and flew in for the Munich, Toronto, and Los Angeles rallies.[4][37][5][38] Over 250,000 attended the 14 February rally in Munich, making it the largest ever Iran-focused demonstration in European history to date, while the Toronto and Los Angeles rallies each drew 350,000 in attendance.[6][7][5] The 14 February rally in London also drew 50,000, and the rally in Vancouver drew 45,000.[7] Iranian state media downplayed the diaspora rallies, while many Iranians within Iran stated the diaspora rallies gave them a renewed sense of hope and unity.[7] Following the Munich rally, Iran summoned Germany's ambassador in Tehran.[39]

Despite isolated incidents of violence reported in some locations, most diaspora rallies were largely peaceful overall, with police in several cities reporting orderly conduct and many participants giving flowers to officers as a gesture of gratitude, as well as cleaning up litter in the streets at the end of the rallies.[40][41][42][43]

Protester demands

[edit]

Regime change in Iran

[edit]

Protesters called for the international community to take "immediate action" against the Iranian government's actions in suppressing protesters during the 2026 Iran massacres,[44][19] while expressing support for the Iranian people and Reza Pahlavi, son of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.[19] Pahlavi meanwhile expressed his support for the protesters, and called on all Iranians, including security and law enforcement forces, to join the protests.[45]

At many of the rallies, protesters replaced the flag of the Islamic Republic with the Lion and Sun flag, the Iranian flag prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and accompanied it with the flag of the host country.[1][46] Ancient flags, such as the Derafsh Shahbaz and Derafsh Kaviani, could also be seen at the rallies.[46] Slogans included "Free political prisoners", "Long live the king", "Death to Khamenei", "king Reza Pahlavi" and "This is the final battle—Pahlavi will return".[44] Protesters' signs condemned the "New Holocaust," a "genocide in the making," and "terror".[47] Protesters also called for regime change and secular democracy.[48][49][50][51]

Another concern cited by protesters is the internet blackout, which they say is a method used by the government to prevent protesters from within the country from effectively communicating, while covering up a deadly repression of protesters.[52] During the internet blackout in Iran, Iranian diaspora internet users ran applications to share part of their bandwidth in an attempt to help users inside Iran circumvent the blackout.[53]

Across the Iranian diaspora as well as Iranians inside Iran, calls grew for American military strikes on Iran.[54] Likewise, amid the 26 February negotiations in Geneva, members of the Iranian diaspora protested against the Islamic Republic outside the United Nations Office.[55] During the 28 February Israeli–United States strikes on Iran, members of the Iranian diaspora held celebratory rallies worldwide, echoing the cheerful sentiment of many in Iran.[56][57][58][59]

On 12 February 2026, Iranian Canadians submitted a petition to the Canadian House of Commons to "designate the Islamic Republic as a foreign occupying entity lacking domestic support, recognize Reza Pahlavi and the Iranian transitional team as legitimate representatives, support their plan for a transition to secular democracy, and engage in discussions about Iran's future governance".[60][50] Similarly, Iranian Australians submitted a petition to the Australian Parliament calling on the government to revoke recognition of the Islamic Republic, with the petition arguing that a large majority of Iranians reject the Islamic Republic as their lawful representative and endorsing Pahlavi as a leader for a transition to a secular democracy, with around 13,000 signatures reported at the time of publication.[61][62] On 24 February, Iranian protesters in London urged the UK to designate the IRGC as a terrorist organization.[63]

Deportation of Islamic Republic agents abroad

[edit]
See also: Iranian external operations

Iranian Americans called for the deportation of senior Iranian officials' relatives, some of whom live in the United States.[64][65] In Atlanta, Georgia, a group protested the employment of Fatemeh Ardeshir-Larijani, daughter of Ali Larijani, outside her place of employment at the Winship Cancer Institute.[66][64][65] Ali Larijani has been described as the mastermind of the massacres, according to former Iranian government officials.[67] Fatemeh Ardeshir-Larijani was fired from her position following the protests.[68][69] Buddy Carter, a Republican congressman for the state of Georgia, demanded that Ardeshir-Larijani's medical license to treat patients in the United States be revoked, calling it a threat to national security.[70][68] Similarly, on 30 January, protesters in San Jose, California urged for the dismissal of another Iranian official's son, Ehsan Nouhi Bezanjani, the son of Kobra Khazali, from his job at Intuitive Institute.[71] The United States Department of State stated that Secretary of State Marco Rubio was taking action to revoke the privilege of Iranian senior officials and their family members from residing in the United States.[72] On 18 February, the US State Department announced that Rubio was "taking steps to impose visa restrictions against 18 Iranian regime officials and telecommunications industry leaders, as well as their immediate family members."[73] On 20 February, Mora Namdar, the Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs of the US State Department, stated "the United States will continue to pursue visa restrictions for individuals who violently repress and censor Iranians seeking to exercise their freedom of expression."[74]

On 4 February 2026, it was reported that human rights advocates in Canada urged the RCMP to investigate the IRGC officials living in Canada who are linked to the repression of protesters and crimes against humanity.[75] The Canadian Senate held a hearing on 10 February and discussed Islamic Republic agents and affiliates living freely in Canada.[76] German energy company EnBW investigated a senior executive over allegations of possible ties to Iran's government.[77] The Guardian reported that two UK-based brothers were behind a messaging app that was sharing data with Iranian authorities.[78][79]

On 18 February, it was reported that Australia had granted permanent residency and health qualifications to Hanieh Safavi, the daughter of Iranian major general Yahya Rahim Safavi, a sanctioned adviser to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and a former senior figure in the IRGC who was reportedly involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs, drawing criticism from members of the Iranian diaspora and opposition lawmakers.[80][81] A parliamentary petition was subsequently lodged by Iranian Australians, demanding the Australian government "deny all visas, including refugee visas, to IR (Islamic Republic) officials, IRGC members, and their immediate family," while a separate change.org petition was launched calling for Safavi's deportation.[82]

Reactions

[edit]
Protest in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 17 January 2026 against the Islamic Republic
Iranian diaspora protest in Milan, Italy, on 24 January 2026 against the Islamic Republic
Protest in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 25 January 2026 against the Islamic Republic
A pro-Pahlavi demonstration in Melbourne, Australia, on 1 February 2026
Three women in the foreground, on the left with Ukrainian flag, on the right with Iranian Lion and Sun flag. In the background protesters
People with the Ukrainian and Iranian Lion and Sun flag protesting for freedom and peace on 24 February 2026 in Europe

Notable figures in the Iranian diaspora voiced their reactions and opinions to the protests in Iran.

Reza Pahlavi, son of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, expressed his support for the protesters, and called on all Iranians, including security and law enforcement forces, to join the protests.[45] Pahlavi further added that "Iranians are at war with the Islamic regime".[83] Pahlavi also designated 14 February 2026 as a "global day of action."[84] Major diaspora solidarity rallies took place in Los Angeles, Toronto, and Munich.[3][4][35][36] Over 250,000 attended the 14 February rally in Munich, while the Toronto and Los Angeles rallies each drew 350,000 in attendance.[6] Protesters within Iran also responded to Pahlavi's calls to chant anti-government slogans from rooftops and windows during the rallies abroad.[85]

Maryam Rajavi, co-leader of the People's Mojahedin Organisation of Iran (MEK), said that protesters have "struck fear into a weakened enemy", warning security forces who obey orders to crackdown on the protests that "the courts of a free Iran are awaiting (you)."[86]

Gissou Nia, a human rights lawyer and Iran expert, stated that while the economic crisis was the catalyst for the protest, the slogans and behaviour of the protesters show a profound dissatisfaction with the Iranian government and a desire to overthrow it.[87]

Iranian dissident and Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi condemned Iranian security forces for directly shooting unarmed protesters in Fasa, calling it a human rights violation. In a message shared on Instagram, Ebadi stressed that using live ammunition against unarmed civilians cannot be justified. She urged authorities to immediately stop the violence, ensure proper medical care for those injured, and investigate who authorised the use of live fire against protesters in Fasa.[88] During the internet blackout, she claimed the Iranian government may carry out a massacre under cover of a sweeping communications blackout, encouraging Western governments to speak out immediately.[89]

Masih Alinejad, an Iranian-American journalist and human rights activist, stated that President Donald Trump's message to Iran gave people a "strong message" of hope, and that he is on the right side of history.[90][91][92] After the massacres, Alinejad denounced the US-Iran negotiations, stating the Islamic Republic shoots protesters and tortures for confessions.[93]

Goldie Ghamari, a Canadian-Iranian activist and former politician, stated that "Iranians are more determined than ever to overthrow the Islamic Republic", "it's life or death", "Iranians have nothing left to lose, and these are the true freedom fighters of the 21st century", and that "the Iranian national revolution is anti-Islam, anti-Islamic, anti sharia law; it's pro-revolution, pro-shah".[94]

British-Iranian actress and activist Nazanin Boniadi urged Hollywood to stand with Iran's protesters.[95][96]

Ali Karimi, a former footballer for the Iran national football team, spoke at a January rally in Los Angeles and called for political change in Iran.[97] He also wrote an open letter to FIFA and all its member football associations, calling on FIFA president Gianni Infantino to speak up on the protest deaths.[98]

Kimia Alizadeh, Iran's first female Olympic medalist, attended the diaspora protests and stated detained protesters in Iran were being executed.[99][100]

Many Iranians within Iran have stated that the diaspora rallies abroad give them renewed hope.[7]

Violence towards diaspora protesters

[edit]

As the Iranian diaspora held solidarity rallies worldwide, reports of violence and threats towards them emerged.[2][101] Deutsche Welle reported that Iranian exiles were being targeted internationally by the Iranian government's secret services.[102]

On 11 January 2026, a U-Haul truck was used to ram into a crowd of protesters opposed to the Iranian government in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. The solidarity rally in support of the Iranian protesters was scheduled to start at 2 p.m. outside of the Wilshire Federal Building in the 11000 block of Wilshire Boulevard, and the vehicle plowed into a crowd estimated at more than 3,000 people at around 3:34 pm.[103][104] At least two people were injured.[105] The truck displayed a sign saying: "No Shah. No Regime. USA: Don't Repeat 1953. No Mullah."[104] A similar slogan, "No to Shah, No to Mullahs", has been used by the National Council of Resistance of Iran, which is the political wing of the Islamist-Marxist organization, People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK).[106] Many Iranians on social media pointed out that the messaging on the side of the truck is commonly associated with supporters of the MEK.[107] Before the attack, a crowd of more than 3,000 protesters was demonstrating in Westwood, Los Angeles, near a federal building, in support of the Iranian protesters.[104][108][109] Officers with the Los Angeles Police Department secured the area surrounding the truck, which showed visible damage, including a shattered windshield and broken windows, after crowds attacked the vehicle.[104] According to the Los Angeles Police Department, Calor Madanescht, 48, was staging a counterdemonstration as he approached protesters gathered near the Federal Building in Westwood.[110] Investigators said the truck was searched and impounded, but nothing significant was found inside.[110] Madanescht was booked into the Los Angeles County Jail with $0 bail, and faced a misdemeanor charge for reckless driving.[110] He was released the following day on his own recognizance.[111][112] Authorities allege Madanescht deliberately drove the truck into the protest area.[112] Investigators said they do not view the incident as terrorism or politically driven, and said the driver does not have a known criminal record.[112] The FBI was present and working alongside LAPD as investigators assessed the motive, and the case was to be presented to the Los Angeles City Attorney.[112][110] However, the LA County District Attorney's Office declined to prosecute Madanescht, therefore sending the case back to the city attorney's office.[113][114]

On 11 January, Turkey barred Iranians from protesting outside the Iranian consulate in Istanbul and cordoned off the area with police.[115][116]

During the 16 January protests in London, violent clashes ensued, resulting in several protesters being injured and hospitalised, four Metropolitan Police officers being hospitalised, and 14 arrests for offences including violent disorder, assault of an emergency worker, criminal damage, and trespass on diplomatic premises.[117][118]

After the 17 January protests in Hamburg, two protesters were seriously injured after a stabbing attack, including one critically, leading to three suspects being arrested.[119][120][121][122] The suspects were reportedly Afghan nationals, and authorities stated the attack was premeditated.[121]

On 18 January, following threats from the Islamic Republic, Armenia barred Iranians from protesting in Yerevan and arrested protesters.[123][124]

Iranians abroad were also the targets of online cybersecurity threats and phishing scams at the time of the protests amid the domestic internet blackout.[125][126]

On 21 January, it was reported that Turkey, which does not require visas for Iranian citizens, had struck an agreement with the Islamic Republic to arrest and potentially return protesters and refugees who challenge the Iranian government.[127] In cooperation with Erdoğan's government, the Islamic Republic has in the past abducted several of its opponents from Turkey and later executed them in Iran.[127]

On 23 January, it was reported that Iranians fleeing the massacres faced violent repression at the Turkish border.[128] By late January, reports emerged of Iranians facing deportation from Turkey.[129][130]

On 24 January, The Telegraph reported that Iranian dissidents in the United Kingdom were receiving death threats via phone calls and messages from Islamic Republic supporters, threatening to kill them in the UK.[131]

On 25 January, Iranian protesters in Gothenburg were reportedly attacked by pro-Palestinian protesters.[132][133][134] Iranian protesters were also targeted and harassed by pro-Palestinian protesters on 31 January in London.[135]

On 27 January, it was reported that Germany's federal interior ministry had warned members of the Iranian diaspora in Germany of intimidation, harassment, and possible cyber attacks by Iranian state actors.[136]

On 6 February, it was reported that the Canadian police had declared the disappearance of Masoud Masjoudi, an Iranian dissident residing in Canada who protested the influence of the Islamic Republic in Canadian universities, to be a targeted crime, while speculation arose of his suspicious death.[137][138][139]

While the vast majority of the worldwide rallies were in support of Reza Pahlavi, a separate rally in Berlin on 7 February was hosted by the Islamist-Marxist organization MEK, where some non-Iranian rally-goers stated it was their first time attending an Iran demonstration and that the rally had been promoted to them.[140][141] Some Iranian counter-protesters and journalists were attacked by MEK supporters at the rally.[142] Former U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo addressed the rally in Berlin by video.[143][144]

The Guardian reported that the Islamic Republic was monitoring and threatening diaspora journalists and their families over their coverage of the protests.[145]

Iranians abroad also faced intimidation and threats for their online discourse and opinions.[146][101] An independent research group stated the Islamic Republic had coordinated a large social media influence operation aimed at shaping global narratives.[147] Likewise, another investigative watchdog stated that pro-government editors were active during the crackdown across Wikipedia and other services in deleting content and sanitizing articles related to the Islamic Republic's human rights record.[148][149][150]

On 14 February, ahead of the "global day of action" in Toronto, 56-year-old Michael David Holland of Burlington, Ontario was arrested after threatening to target the rally with a firearm to prevent the gathering.[151] Another 26-year-old man from Toronto, Seyed Vorudi, was also arrested for an alleged hate-motivated assault, facing two charges for assault and intent to wear a disguise.[152][153][154] Vorudi was previously charged in October 2024 for willful promotion of hatred towards Jewish and LGBTQ communities.[155][156] Following the 14 February 2026 assault, Vorudi was released from custody.[155]

On 23 February, Persian-language network Manoto halted its London-based live broadcast again due to a potential threat warning received from the UK's counterterrorism police perceived to be linked to the Islamic Republic.[157]

Violence after 28 February strikes

[edit]

Following the 28 February Israeli–United States strikes on Iran, foreign security officials warned of attacks from sleeper cells abroad.[158][159][160] On 1 March, the Austin bar mass shooting was carried out by an American man of Senegalese descent wearing a shirt that read "Property of Allah" and an undershirt bearing the flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[161] The same day, a local gym owned by an Iranian-Canadian anti-regime activist located outside Toronto was shot with 17 bullets, hours after Khamenei's death.[162][163][164] Los Angeles mayor Karen Bass, whose city hosts the largest Iranian community outside Iran, stated the LAPD would be providing extra security in sensitive areas of the city in the wake of the airstrikes.[165][166]

In March 2026, it was reported that the Islamic Republic-linked Handala hack group placed a $250,000 bounty for the beheading of Iranian-American lawyer and activist Elica Le Bon and Iranian-Canadian politician and activist Goldie Ghamari after leaking their home addresses to its Jalisco New Generation Cartel partners.[167][168]

Global day of action

[edit]
Main article: Global day of action for the Iranian people
Global day of action for the Iranian people in David Lam Park, Vancouver

Reza Pahlavi also declared 14 February as a "global day of action," and called for major diaspora solidarity rallies in Los Angeles, Toronto, and Munich.[3] Iranians from neighboring countries, states, and cities drove, bussed, and flew in for the Munich, Toronto, and Los Angeles rallies.[4][5] Over 250,000 attended the 14 February rally in Munich, making it the largest ever Iran-focused demonstration in European history to date, while the Toronto and Los Angeles rallies each drew 350,000 in attendance.[6][7][5] The 14 February rally in London also drew 50,000, and the rally in Vancouver drew 45,000.[7] Thousands of people took part in solidarity rallies elsewhere worldwide, including in Washington, D.C., Lisbon, Tel Aviv, and cities across Australia.[169][170] Within Iran, protesters responded to Pahlavi's calls to chant anti-government slogans from rooftops and windows during the rallies abroad.[6][171]

Iranian state media downplayed the diaspora rallies, while many Iranians within Iran stated the diaspora rallies gave them a renewed sense of hope and unity.[7] Following the Munich rally, Iran summoned Germany's ambassador in Tehran.[39]

Celebrations following the Israeli–United States strikes on Iran

[edit]

See also: Reactions to the 2026 Iran war

Following the 28 February Israeli–United States strikes on Iran, members of the Iranian diaspora held celebratory rallies worldwide amid the American–Israeli strikes on Iran, echoing the cheerful sentiment of many in Iran.[56][57][58][172][8]

Reza Pahlavi urged Iranians inside Iran to prepare to resume protests as the Islamic Republic "collapses", called on the military and security forces to side with the public rather than the ruling government, and described US action against Iran as a "humanitarian intervention" while urging Trump to avoid civilian harm.[173] Pahlavi proposed the Iran Prosperity Project, an initiative affiliated with the US-based National Union for Democracy in Iran (NUFDI), which outlines plans for the first 180 days of Iran's governance following the potential collapse of the Islamic Republic, including measures for economic stabilisation and institutional reconstruction.[174][175][176]

Maryam Rajavi, the leader of the France–Albania based National Council of Resistance of Iran, which is the political wing of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK), announced the formation of a rival transitional government and rejected both the Islamic Republic and the Iran Prosperity Project on the social media site X.[177][178]

In contrast, protests in the United States against the strikes were organized by various groups, mainly a coalition of left-wing organizations, including 50501, A.N.S.W.E.R., American Muslims for Palestine, Black Alliance for Peace, Code Pink, Democratic Socialists of America, Palestinian Youth Movement, and the National Iranian American Council, which is widely regarded as the Islamic Republic's lobby.[179][180] These were part of the worldwide protests against the strikes.[179][181]

References

[edit]
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