Solarpunk Cities vs Solarpunk Villages
One of those internal contradictions of Solarpunk is, that Solarpunk loves at ones a very urban aesthetic, while also kinda loving the idea of rural living - just without all the rural people out there right now.
If you look at Solarpunk art, yes, you will see some art with skyscrapers overgrown with trees (that again, would not be happy on that skyscraper, do not do that to the poor tree!), a lot of art also shows small settlements surrounded by fields and such. Classical rural settings.
Now, when I posted a while ago about including rural living people into leftist causes, a lot of folks got quite angry with me over it. Because according to quite a lot of tumblrites, obviously everyone who lives rurally is inherently racist, sexist, and queerphobic, other than the queer people who had the bad luck being born rurally and cannot move. But everyone else! And because a lot of leftists have not quite understood the entire "class solidarity" thing, the general thought in those cases is not to talk to people, but to just "fuck them and leave them to die".
I will leave my disagreement with this on: "Yeah, actually, class solidarity is super important. Read up on it" for now, because I want to talk about mainly the advantages and disadvantages on either form of building a solarpunk society.
Cities have one major advantage: In a lot of ways they are a whole lot more sustainable. Which makes sense, if you think about it. Basically, in a city, a whole lot of people are living closer together, so building the infrastructure is just so much easier. You need so much less of everything to provide people who live in multi-household buildings with water, eletrcitity, heating and internet. Because you basically just need one accesspoint for everything to the building. And general in a city you will have a lot more multi-household buildings.
Even without those though: Population density is a lot stronger in cities. Duh. So even if everyone was living in a single-household home (which is not really the Solarpunk ideal) those are closer together and hence you still need less material and power to provide those things.
It is also easier to provide other types of infrastructure, such as schools, markets, and hospitals. Even stuff just like abilities to connect with other folks... It is just easier to do in a city than in a rural area.
However, a lot of Solarpunk is also about empowering people to grow their own food and such and be more self-sufficient. And this, obviously, becomes a lot easier if the people live in a less densely populated area.
Generally: Once you go out of the city - no matter how much you design the city planning around creating enough green spaces and such - you just will be closer to nature. It is a simple fact. You can more easily interact with nature, can more easily put out stuff like animals. And obviously it is easier to grow and cultivate all sorts of produce.
Don't get me wrong: Yes, we absolutely can create food forests in cities - but still, there is a lot more room in rural areas to cultivate food.
See, the main thing with Solarpunk cities is, that they still will not be fully self-sustainable. Yes, absolutely, we can cultivate some food in greenhouses, on rooftops and in foodforests - but it will not be enough to feed an entire city. Meaning: There will be people in rural areas, to grow and cultivate food.
Mind you, ideally we will absolutely bring down meat consumption. While I am not a big fan of the idea of a fully vegan future (for reasons I went into multiple times: some people can for chronic sicknesses, or disabilities not go fully vegan, and yes, I personally also see value in cultural stuff that involves meat), I do think we will eventually reduce meat consumption a lot. So we will need a lot less room to grow stuff - because right now a lot of vegetables (especially corn) are consumed by livestock. So reducing livestock will reduce the need for produce in many regards.
We can because of this rewild a lot of area that currently is used to grow corn and such.
Still. One way or another: some people will need to farm. The question is just how many. Because yes, we can automate a whole lot of stuff - but that brings us back to the good old question of us being alienated from our food. Sure, if we cultivate some food where people are, this might be better... But we definitely can philosophically discuss whether it would not be better for us as a species to always cultivate our own food. Especially as we know that food that is grown in mixed fields and under concepts of permacultre are a lot harder to harvest automatically - but much better for the environment.
So, some people will need to be out there for farmwork. The question just remains: How many?
Because exiling some folks from society to grow food and isolate them seems to be rather bad in taste too, right?
And there definitely is some arguments for some people living more rurally. It just is harder to create as a context.
And sure, if we ever got to the Solarpunk future, chances are, things will come to be naturally. However, it is still worth thinking about it and evaluating it.