Portal:1990s

The 1990s Portal

P:1990sP:1990s

The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties"; shortened to "the '90s") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999.

Culturally, the 1990s are characterized by the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media, which continues into the present day. Movements such as hip hop, the rave scene and grunge spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web.

In the absence of world communism, which collapsed in the first two years of the decade, the 1990s was politically defined by a movement towards the right-wing, including increase in support for far-right parties in Europe^[1] as well as the advent of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party^[2] and cuts in social spending in the United States,^[3] Canada,^[4] New Zealand,^[5] and the UK.^[6] The United States also saw a massive revival in the use of the death penalty in the 1990s, which reversed in the early 21st century.^[7] During the 1990s the character of the European Union and Euro were formed and codified in treaties.

A combination of factors, including the continued mass mobilization of capital markets through neo-liberalism, the thawing of the decades-long Cold War, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet from the middle of the decade onwards, increasing skepticism towards government, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. The dot-com bubble of 1997–2000 brought wealth to some entrepreneurs before its crash between 2000 and 2001.

The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the World Wide Web, the first gene therapy trial, and the first designer babies^[8] all emerging in 1990 and being improved and built upon throughout the decade.

New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Balkans, and the Caucasus, the former two which led to the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between Israel and the Arab world remained elusive despite the progress of the Oslo Accords, though The Troubles in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement after 30 years of violence.^[9]

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The Big Lebowski (/ləˈbaʊski/) is a 1998 neo-noir crime comedy film written, directed, produced and co-edited by Joel and Ethan Coen, and starring Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi, and John Turturro. It follows the life of Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski, a Los Angeles slacker and avid bowler who is assaulted as a result of mistaken identity, and becomes embroiled in a kidnapping and ransom scheme focused on a millionaire who shares his name.

The film is loosely inspired by the work of Raymond Chandler. Joel Coen said, "We wanted to do a Chandler kind of story—how it moves episodically and deals with the characters trying to unravel a mystery, as well as having a hopelessly complex plot that's ultimately unimportant." The score is by Carter Burwell, a longtime collaborator of the Coen brothers. (Full article...)

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... that the Polish manga and anime fandom arose in the 1990s and now numbers over 100,000 people?
... that NASA promoted the "faster, better, cheaper" approach to spacecraft missions in the 1990s?
... that a brigade of Russian paratroopers took part in a NATO-led peacekeeping mission during the 1990s?
... that "the Psycho" controlled the drug trade in Finglas, Cabra, and Ballymun from the early 1990s until his death in 1996?
... that the Yerevan Children's Art Museum deliberately kept no records from the 1970s to the 1990s?
... that before the Times Square Hotel was renovated in the 1990s, it was described as "a scene of complete social chaos", with 1,700 violations of building codes?

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1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt

Tanks near the Red Square in Moscow during the failed coup attempt. The USSR fell just 4 months later.

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Aguilera at the Disney Legends awards ceremony in 2019

Christina María Aguilera (/ˌæɡɪˈlɛərə/ AG-il-AIR-ə, Spanish: [kɾisˈtina maˈɾi.a aɣiˈleɾa]; born December 18, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality. An influential figure in music, Aguilera is noted for her four-octave vocal range, melismatic singing style, use of the whistle register, and continual reinvention of her image and sound. Referred to as the "Voice of a Generation", she was ranked among the greatest singers of all time by Rolling Stone. Her works have incorporated socially conscious and sexual themes, generating both controversy and critical acclaim.

After appearing on The All New Mickey Mouse Club (1993–1994), Aguilera recorded the theme song, "Reflection", for the animated film Mulan (1998) and signed a record deal with RCA Records. She rose to fame as a teen idol with her self-titled debut album (1999), which topped the US Billboard 200 and garnered three US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles: "Genie in a Bottle", "What a Girl Wants" and "Come on Over Baby (All I Want Is You)". Aguilera took on a more provocative image on Stripped (2002), one of the best-selling albums of the 21st century. After another retro-inspired reinvention, she scored her second US number-one album, Back to Basics (2006). Throughout these periods, she amassed worldwide hits, such as "Lady Marmalade", "Dirrty", "Beautiful" and "Ain't No Other Man". (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1990s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Virtual Boy (1995) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 2Friends, which premiered on NBC in 1994 became one of the most popular sitcoms of all time. From left, clockwise: Lisa Kudrow, Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Matthew Perry, Matt LeBlanc, and David Schwimmer, the six main actors of Friends. (from 1990s)
Image 3Blue wide-leg jeans. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 4A man wearing a power suit, popular in the European workplace. The suit jacket is double-breasted with large shoulder pads. Photograph taken in 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 5Game Boy Light (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 6Typical late 1990s fashions, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 7The catsuit became a trend in the late 1990s. Normally made of latex, PVC, or spandex, it was often worn with high-heeled boots. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 8The highest-grossing film of the decade was James Cameron's Titanic (1997), which remains one of the highest-grossing films of all time. (from 1990s)
Image 9Church members exhibiting assorted fashion trends. Amman, 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 10Metal Slug (arcade, 1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 11The compact disc reached its peak in popularity in the 1990s, and not once did another audio format surpass the CD in music sales from 1991 throughout the remainder of the decade. By 2000, the CD accounted for 92.3% of the entire market share in regard to music sales. (from 1990s)
Image 12Lois McMaster Bujold with pixie cut and denim western shirt, 1996. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 13The federal building that was bombed in the Oklahoma City bombing two days after the bombing, viewed from across the adjacent parking lot. (from 1990s)
Image 14The German electronic rock duo Das Ich, 1993. Their aspect shows the influence of the goth look which returned in the 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 15Timo Jutila with Ice Hockey World Championship trophy in 1995 (from 1990s)
Image 16Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 17Press conference at the Council of the EU for the launching of the Euro in 1998 (from 1990s)
Image 18Trio in 1995 wearing neutral-colored tops and relaxed-fit, slim-leg pants and jeans. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 19In 1994, Lisa Loeb became the first artist to score a No. 1 hit with "Stay (I Missed You)" before signing to any record label. (from 1990s in music)
Image 20Nude and darker shades of lipstick seemed popular throughout the decade. (Fran Drescher, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 21Model wearing a midriff shirt, a silver necklace, low ponytail and straight-leg leggings, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 221993–1995 Honda Accord EXi sedan. A typical mid-1990s car. (from 1990s)
Image 23Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. (from 1990s in music)
Image 24Pavement (from 1990s in music)
Image 25Game Boy Pocket (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 26Seinfeld, which premiered on NBC in 1989, became a commercial success and cultural phenomenon by 1993. (from 1990s)
Image 27Women's rights demonstration in Paris, November 1995 (from 1990s)
Image 28Game.com (1997) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 29The Dow Jones Index of the 1990s (from 1990s)
Image 30Pablo Escobar (from 1990s)
Image 31Yitzhak Rabin (from 1990s)
Image 32Pagers became widely popular. (from 1990s)
Image 33Hubble Space Telescope. (from 1990s)
Image 34Michael Jordan, the most popular NBA player of the 1990s. (from 1990s)
Image 35Butterfly and floral clips, worn in the mid- and late 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 36Thrustmaster T2 (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 37Crowd of rave-goers, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 38Nelson Mandela voting in 1994, after thirty years of imprisonment. (from 1990s)
Image 39Dancers at the 1992 Snoqualmie Moondance Festival in Snoqualmie, Washington. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 40The 1999 İzmit earthquake, which occurred in northwestern Turkey, killed 17,217 and injured 43,959. (from 1990s)
Image 41The logo created by The President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion, for use on Y2K.gov (from 1990s)
Image 42Converse All Stars, popular in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 43Actress Liv Tyler sporting a pixie cut, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 44Neo Geo (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 45Example of late 1990s gothic fashion. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 46Slap bracelet worn by young girls in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 47A typical early 1990s personal computer. (from 1990s)
Image 48Garth Brooks (from 1990s in music)
Image 49Nintendo 64 (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 50Bush and Gorbachev at the 1990 Helsinki summit. (from 1990s)
Image 51Sasha using Ableton Live at a nightclub. (from 1990s in music)
Image 52Miniature model from MS Estonia (from 1990s)
Image 53Blink-182 performing in 1995, whose 1999 album Enema of The State became a pivotal moment for contemporary pop punk (from 1990s)
Image 54A Dassault Falcon 50 similar to the one shot down in the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira (from 1990s)
Image 55Swedish hip-hop fans watch Public Enemy perform in 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 56Grunge band Nirvana in 1992 (from 1990s in music)
Image 57Slip dresses first became widely worn in the mid-1990s, as part of the underwear-as-outerwear trend. (Jane Leeves, 1995) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 58Example of 1990s men's and women's fashion, 1994 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 59Oasis were the biggest band of the 1990s Britpop scene and the only band to make a significant impact in the US market. (from 1990s in music)
Image 60An early portable CD player, a Sony Discman model D121. (from 1990s)
Image 61Nine Inch Nails, 2005 (from 1990s in music)
Image 62Garage punk band, 1997 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 63Dutch high school prom, 1994. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 64Bomber jacket with orange lining, popular from the mid- to late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 65US First Lady Hillary Clinton wearing a straw hat, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 66Actress Paula Abdul wearing semi-transparent black dress, curled hair and smoky eye makeup, 1990. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 67Big Bad Voodoo Daddy (from 1990s in music)
Image 68US, Canadian, and Mexican dignitaries initialing the draft North American Free Trade Agreement in October 1992 (from 1990s)
Image 69Cargo pants. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 70Jonathan Brandis in a Grunge-style flannel shirt and curtained hair in 1993 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 71Baseball jackets were popular among hip-hop fans in the mid-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 72Galaxian3: Project Dragoon (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 73Game Boy Color (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 74Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton share a laugh in October 1995. (from 1990s)
Image 75Black Barbour bucket hat. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 76Dixie Chicks (from 1990s in music)
Image 77African-American teenager with Hitop fade, popular in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 78Sega Saturn (1994) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 79Rwandan genocide: Bones of genocide victims in Murambi Technical School. Estimates put the death toll of the Rwandan genocide as high as 800,000 people. (from 1990s)
Image 80Hurricane Georges downed trees in Key West along the old houseboat row on South Roosevelt Blvd. (from 1990s)
Image 81Dreamcast (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 82Group of young children displaying various fashion trends. Amman, 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 83Two women wearing bandanas, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 84Acid washed jean shorts with grunge and hippie inspired DIY slogans and pictures. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 85Go-go boots became fashionable again in 1995. They were worn by women of the hip-hop, alternative, and dance subcultures. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 86Thalía rose to fame as a member of the musical group Timbiriche. (from 1990s in music)
Image 87Dave Navarro and Perry Farrell of Jane's Addiction in 2009. The success of Jane's Addiction helped launch the popularity of alternative rock and alternative metal in the United States. The unexpected success of Ritual de lo Habitual (1990) for Warner Records led to a signing frenzy in which major labels were "mass signing" alternative acts, including Geffen Records' signing of Nirvana in 1991. (from 1990s in music)
Image 88Flag map of the world from 1992 (from 1990s)
Image 89An "I Believe Anita Hill" button pin in support of her sexual harassment allegations against U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Hill testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee arguing against the confirmation of Thomas. (from 1990s)
Image 90Clockwise from top-left:
- The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth after it was launched in 1990;
- American jets fly over burning oil fields in the 1991 Gulf War;
- The Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993;
- The World Wide Web gains popularity worldwide;
- Boris Yeltsin greets crowds after the failed August Coup, which leads to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991;
- Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell;
- The funeral procession of Diana, Princess of Wales, who died in a 1997 car crash;
- Hundreds of thousands of Tutsi people are killed in the Rwandan genocide of 1994.
(from 1990s)
Image 91Tim McGraw (from 1990s in music)
Image 92Moby, 2009 (from 1990s in music)
Image 93Kurt Cobain, 1992. He wears grunge clothing, popular from 1991 to 1996. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 94Korn, 1997 (from 1990s in music)
Image 95D'Angelo is considered a key pioneer of the neo-soul movement. (from 1990s in music)
Image 96Mobile phones gained massive popularity worldwide during the decade. (from 1990s)
Image 97Women's side gusset shoes were popular among preppy and hip-hop subcultures in the mid- to late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 98Woman dressed in black maxi skirt, top and hat, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 99Group of high school students, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 100Street Fighter II (arcade, 1991) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 101Rajiv Gandhi (from 1990s)
Image 102Green Day, 2015 (from 1990s in music)
Image 103Bob cuts were favored by women. (Saffron, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 104PlayStation (1994) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 105A pair of Eurostar trains at the former Waterloo International since moved to St Pancras International (from 1990s)
Image 106Electronic musician and DJ James Lavelle dressed in club attire, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 107Swedish teenager with mullet haircut and abstract jumper, 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 108The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992. (from 1990s)
Image 109Dance Dance Revolution (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 110Long maxi skirt in a Liberty floral print. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 111Microsoft SideWinder Force Feedback Pro (1997) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 112Young man in 1995, sporting a short undercut hairstyle. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 113Vazgen Sargsyan (from 1990s)
Image 114Natalie Imbruglia, 2015 (from 1990s in music)
Image 115Chokers, popular in the mid- and late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 116Maná in concert. (from 1990s in music)
Image 117Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, United States President Bill Clinton, and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat during the signing of the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993. (from 1990s)
Image 118A pair of British Knights. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 119The Nasdaq Composite displaying the dot-com bubble, which ballooned between 1997 and 2000. The bubble peaked on Friday, 10 March 2000. (from 1990s)
Image 1203DO Interactive Multiplayer (1993) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 121Luis Miguel, first Latin idol of the decade (from 1990s in music)
Image 122Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. (from 1990s)
Image 123Woman wearing a crop top and bell-bottoms, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 124Alanis Morissette (from 1990s in music)
Image 125Red and cream Indian woman's saree, late 1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 126Atari Jaguar (1993) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 127Game Gear (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 128Eurostar logo 1994–2011 (from 1990s)
Image 129Woman wearing a polo shirt with a popped collar. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 130Razer Boomslang (first gaming mouse, 1999) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 131Block-heeled shoes, popular from 1995 to 2001. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 132Woman with what would come be known as the Rachel haircut, early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 133Executive council building burns in Sarajevo after being hit by Bosnian Serb artillery in the Bosnian War. (from 1990s)
Image 134SNES (1990) (from 1990s in video games)

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These are Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

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GoldenEye is a 1995 action spy film, the seventeenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Directed by Martin Campbell, it was the first in the series not to use any story elements from the works of novelist Ian Fleming. GoldenEye was also the first James Bond film not produced by Albert R. Broccoli, following his stepping down from Eon Productions and replacement by his daughter, Barbara Broccoli (along with Michael G. Wilson, although Broccoli was still involved as a consultant producer; it was his final film project before his death in 1996). The story was conceived and written by Michael France, with later collaboration by other writers. In the film, Bond fights to prevent rogue ex-MI6 agent Alec Trevelyan (Sean Bean) from using a satellite weapon against London to cause a global financial collapse.

GoldenEye was released after a six-year hiatus in the series caused by legal disputes, during which Timothy Dalton's contract for the role of James Bond expired and he decided to leave the role, being replaced by Brosnan. M was also recast, actress Judi Dench becoming the first woman to portray the character, replacing Robert Brown. The role of Miss Moneypenny was also recast, Caroline Bliss being replaced by Samantha Bond. Desmond Llewelyn was the only actor to reprise his previous role, as Q. It was the first Bond film made after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, which provided a background for the plot. Principal photography for GoldenEye took place from January to June 1995 in the UK, Russia, Monte Carlo, and Puerto Rico; it was the inaugural film production to be shot at Leavesden Studios. The first Bond film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI), GoldenEye was also the final film in the career of special effects supervisor Derek Meddings, and was dedicated to his memory. (Full article...)
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Ronin is a 1998 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by John Frankenheimer and written by John David Zeik and David Mamet, the latter under the pseudonym Richard Weisz. It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Robert De Niro, Jean Reno, Natascha McElhone, Stellan Skarsgård, Sean Bean and Jonathan Pryce. The film is about a team of former special operatives who are hired to steal a mysterious, heavily guarded briefcase while navigating a maze of shifting loyalties. The film was praised for its realistic car chases in Nice and Paris.

Frankenheimer signed to direct Zeik's screenplay, which Mamet rewrote in 1997 to expand De Niro's role and develop plot details. The film was photographed by Robert Fraisse in his native France from November 3, 1997, to March 3, 1998. Professional race car drivers coordinated and performed the vehicle stunts, and Elia Cmiral scored the film, his first for a major studio. (Full article...)
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Audition (オーディション, Ōdishon) is a 1999 Japanese psychological horror film directed by Takashi Miike and written by Daisuke Tengan, who adapted it from Ryu Murakami's 1997 novel of the same name. It follows a middle-aged widower (Ryo Ishibashi) who enlists the help of his film producer friend (Jun Kunimura) to stage fake auditions in order to meet a new girlfriend, only to find that the young woman he chooses (Eihi Shiina) has a dark past.

The film was originally a project of the Japanese company Omega Project, who wanted to make another horror film after the financial success of Ring (1998). The company purchased the rights to Murakami's book and sought Miike and Tengan for an adaptation. The cast and crew consisted primarily of previous Miike collaborators, with the exception of Shiina, who had worked as a model prior to making her acting debut in Audition. The film was shot in Tokyo over a three-week period. (Full article...)
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A Simple Plan is a 1998 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Scott B. Smith, based on Smith's 1993 novel. The film stars Bill Paxton, Billy Bob Thornton, and Bridget Fonda. Set in rural Minnesota, the story follows brothers Hank (Paxton) and Jacob Mitchell (Thornton), who, along with Jacob's friend Lou (Brent Briscoe), discover a crashed plane containing $4.4 million in cash. The three men and Hank's wife Sarah (Fonda) go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other's trust, resulting in lies, deceit, and murder.

Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published. Mike Nichols purchased the film rights, and the project was picked up by Savoy Pictures. After Nichols stepped down, the film adaptation became mired in development hell, with Ben Stiller and John Dahl turning down opportunities to direct it. After Savoy closed in November 1997, the project was sold to Paramount Pictures. John Boorman was hired to direct, but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi. An international co-production between the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan, the film was financed by Mutual Film Company, its investors, and Newmarket Capital Group, which allocated a budget of $17 million. Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days of filming in Wisconsin and Minnesota. The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman. (Full article...)
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It's Elementary: Talking About Gay Issues in School is a 1996 American documentary film directed by Debra Chasnoff and Helen S. Cohen. It provides educators with information on how to teach elementary schoolchildren to be tolerant of gay and lesbian people. It earned awards from several American film festivals, was broadcast on public television stations, and was obtained by more than 3,000 institutions for educational use. The film was noted as the "first of its kind" and was generally well received, although there was backlash from conservatives.

The documentary received little support from PBS, owing to backlash from the American Family Association. Prior to airing the film, television stations received calls, letters, and e-mails from people who did not want PBS program directors to broadcast It's Elementary. The film was awarded the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary, Best Documentary at the Reeling Film Festival, and the Silver Spire from the San Francisco International Film Festival, among other awards. The film had two sequels: That's a Family! and It's Still Elementary. (Full article...)
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Money for Nothing is a 1993 American biographical comedy crime film directed by Ramón Menéndez, and written by Menéndez, Tom Musca and Carol Sobieski, based on the 1986 Philadelphia Inquirer article "Finders Keepers" by Mark Bowden. The film stars John Cusack in the leading role, with a supporting cast that includes Michael Madsen, Debi Mazar, Benicio del Toro, Maury Chaykin, Michael Rapaport, James Gandolfini, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Fionnula Flanagan.

It is loosely based on the life of Joey Coyle (Cusack), who, in 1981, discovered $1.2 million that had fallen out of an armored van in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The film is a fictionalization of events, depicting Coyle's struggles with keeping the money over a five-day period. (Full article...)
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The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated musical drama film directed by Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells, and written by Philip LaZebnik. It is the first traditionally animated film from DreamWorks Animation, and the first to be animated entirely in-house at DWA Glendale after Amblimation was closed in 1997. The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to a prophet chosen by God to carry out his ultimate destiny of leading the Hebrews out of Egypt. It features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. The film stars the voices of Val Kilmer, Ralph Fiennes, Michelle Pfeiffer, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Goldblum, Danny Glover, Patrick Stewart, Helen Mirren, Steve Martin, and Martin Short.

DreamWorks co-founder and CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company, and he decided to put the idea into production after leaving Disney and co-founding DreamWorks Pictures in 1994. To make the project, DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and Amblimation, totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 countries. The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery, created using software from Toon Boom Technologies and Silicon Graphics. (Full article...)
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Fantasia 2000 is a 1999 American animated musical anthology film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and the sequel to Fantasia (1940). Like its predecessor, the film consists of animated segments set to pieces of classical music. Segments are introduced by Steve Martin, Itzhak Perlman, Quincy Jones, Bette Midler, James Earl Jones, Penn & Teller, James Levine, and Angela Lansbury in live action scenes directed by Don Hahn, while the animated sequences are directed by Pixote Hunt, Hendel Butoy, Eric Goldberg, James Algar, Francis Glebas and Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi.

After numerous unsuccessful attempts to develop a Fantasia sequel, The Walt Disney Company revived the idea shortly after Michael Eisner became chief executive officer in 1984. Development paused until the commercial success of the 1991 home video release of Fantasia convinced Eisner that there was enough public interest and funds for a sequel, to which he assigned Disney as executive producer. The music for six of the film's eight segments is performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by James Levine. The film includes The Sorcerer's Apprentice from the 1940 original. Each new segment was produced by combining traditional animation with computer-generated imagery. Fantasia 2000 is part of the Disney Renaissance, and also commemorates Walt Disney's third animated feature film. (Full article...)
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Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, and written by Linda Woolverton, based on the French fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast". Produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, the film stars Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Angela Lansbury, Rex Everhart, Jesse Corti, and Jo Anne Worley. Set in 18th-century France, an enchantress transforms a selfish prince into a monstrous beast as punishment for his cruelty. Years later, a young woman named Belle offers the Beast her own freedom in exchange for her father's. To break the spell, the Beast must earn Belle's love before the last petal falls from his enchanted rose, lest he remain a monster forever.

Walt Disney unsuccessfully attempted to adapt "Beauty and the Beast" into an animated film during the 1930s and 1950s. Inspired by the success of The Little Mermaid (1989), Disney enlisted Richard Purdum to adapt the fairy tale, which he originally conceived as a non-musical period drama. Dissatisfied with Purdum's efforts, Disney executive Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the entire film be reworked into a musical with original songs by The Little Mermaid's songwriting team, lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken. First-time directors Trousdale and Wise replaced Purdum, and Woolverton's involvement made Beauty and the Beast Disney's first animated film to utilize a completed screenplay prior to storyboarding. The film was the second fully made with Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), which enabled seamless blending of traditional and computer animation, particularly during its ballroom scene. Beauty and the Beast is dedicated to Ashman, who died from AIDS eight months before the film's release. (Full article...)
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Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain (transl. I Live in Your Heart) is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Satish Kaushik and produced by D. Ramanaidu for his production company Suresh Productions. It stars Anil Kapoor and Kajol, with Anupam Kher, Shakti Kapoor and Parmeet Sethi in supporting roles. Written by Jainendra Jain, the film tells the story of Megha (Kajol), who enters into a one-year contract marriage with industrialist Vijay (Anil Kapoor).

Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain serves as a remake of Telugu-language film Pavitra Bandham (1996). With a budget of ₹6.25 crore (equivalent to ₹27 crore or US$2.8 million in 2023), principal photography took place in India and Switzerland and finished in December 1998. Kabir Lal served as the cinematographer, while E.M. Madhavan, Chaitanya Tanna and Marthand K. Venkatesh edited the film. The music was composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics were written by Sameer. (Full article...)
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Satya is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language crime film, produced and directed by Ram Gopal Varma; written by Saurabh Shukla and Anurag Kashyap. It stars J. D. Chakravarthy, Urmila Matondkar and Manoj Bajpayee, alongside Saurabh Shukla, Aditya Shrivastava and Paresh Rawal. It is the first of Varma's Gangster trilogy about organised crime in India. The film follows Satya (Chakravarthy), an immigrant who comes to Mumbai looking for a job, befriends Bhiku Mhatre (Bajpayee) and is drawn into the Mumbai underworld.

Varma, initially planned to make an action film, but decided to make a film focusing on felonies after meeting some criminals. He hired Kashyap and Shukla to write the film, and opted to use lesser-known actors. The soundtrack and score were composed by Vishal Bhardwaj and Sandeep Chowta, respectively, while the lyrics were written by Gulzar. Its early cinematography was done by Gerard Hooper, who was replaced by Mazhar Kamran. The film was shot in Mumbai on a budget of ₹2.5 crore (US$260,000). (Full article...)
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Adolescence of Utena is a 1999 Japanese animated romantic fantasy film. It is a follow-up to the 1997 anime television series Revolutionary Girl Utena, created by the artist collective Be-Papas. The film is directed by Kunihiko Ikuhara, written by Yōji Enokido based on a story by Ikuhara and produced by the animation studio J.C.Staff. An English-language dubbed version of the film produced by Central Park Media was released in 2001 as Revolutionary Girl Utena: The Movie.

The plot follows Utena Tenjou, a tomboy high school student who is drawn into a series of sword duels to win the hand of Anthy Himemiya, a mysterious student known as the "Rose Bride". The film is noted for its extensive use of metaphor and symbolism; its focus on themes of gender, sexuality and the transition from adolescence to adulthood; and for its more mature subject material relative to the anime series. (Full article...)
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Presumed Innocent is a 1990 American legal thriller based on the 1987 novel of the same name by Scott Turow. Directed by Alan J. Pakula and written by Pakula and Frank Pierson, it stars Harrison Ford, Brian Dennehy, Raúl Juliá, Bonnie Bedelia, Paul Winfield and Greta Scacchi. The film follows Rusty Sabich (Ford), a prosecutor put on trial for the murder of his colleague and mistress Carolyn Polhemus (Scacchi).

Several studios and producers fought to secure the film rights one year before the novel was published. Producers Sydney Pollack and Mark Rosenberg acquired the rights in December 1986 and hired Pierson to write the script. After an unsuccessful pre-production development at United Artists, the project moved to Warner Bros. Pictures, and Pakula was brought in to rewrite the script with Pierson before signing on as the film's director in January 1989. Principal photography commenced in July 1989 and concluded in October of that year, with a budget of $20 million. Filming took place on locations in Detroit, Windsor, Ontario, and New Jersey, and on soundstages at Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York. (Full article...)
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The X-Files (also known as The X-Files: Fight the Future) is a 1998 American science fiction thriller film based on Chris Carter's television series of the same name, which revolves around fictional unsolved cases called the X-Files and the characters solving them. It was directed by Rob Bowman, written by Carter and Frank Spotnitz and featured five main characters from the television series: David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson, Mitch Pileggi, John Neville, and William B. Davis reprise their respective roles as FBI agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully, FBI Assistant Director Walter Skinner, Well-Manicured Man, and the Cigarette-Smoking Man. The film was promoted with the tagline Fight the Future.

The film takes place between seasons five (episode "The End") and six (episode "The Beginning") of the television series, and is based upon the series' extraterrestrial mythology. The story follows agents Mulder and Scully, removed from their usual jobs on the X-Files, and investigating the bombing of a building and the destruction of criminal evidence. They uncover what appears to be a government conspiracy attempting to hide the truth about an alien colonization of Earth. (Full article...)
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Ed Wood is a 1994 American biographical comedy-drama film directed and produced by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp as the eponymous cult filmmaker. The film concerns the period in Wood's life when he made his best-known films as well as his relationship with actor Bela Lugosi, played by Martin Landau. Sarah Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette, Jeffrey Jones, Lisa Marie, and Bill Murray are among the supporting cast.

The film was conceived by writers Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski. Alexander first proposed it as a documentary, when he was a student at the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Years later, irritated at being thought of solely as writers for family films with their work on Problem Child (1990) and its 1991 sequel, Alexander and Karaszewski struck a deal with Burton and Denise Di Novi to produce Ed Wood. Initially, Michael Lehmann was chosen to direct the project, but due to scheduling conflicts with his work on the film Airheads (1994), he had to vacate the director's position, which was taken over by Tim Burton. (Full article...)

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Sources

^ Merkl, Peter; Leonard, Weinberg (2 August 2004). Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76421-0.
^ "India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism".
^ ROSEN, RUTH (27 December 1994). "Which of Us Isn't Taking 'Welfare'? : Poor children rank low in government largess; why is the comfortable class so mean?". Los Angeles Times.
^ Séguin, Gilles. "Provincial Welfare Reforms in the 1990s – Canadian Social Research Links".
^ Maloney, Tim (1 May 2002). "Welfare Reform and Unemployment in New Zealand". Economica. 69 (274): 273–293. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00283.
^ "Policy Exchange – Shaping the Policy Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014.
^ https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/19/report-us-executions-dipped-in-2013
^ Handyside, AH; Kontogianni, EH; Hardy, K; Winston, RM (1990). "Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification". Nature. 344 (6268): 768–70. Bibcode:1990Natur.344..768H. doi:10.1038/344768a0. PMID 2330030.
^ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2004). The Roaring Nineties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32618-5.

Discover Wikipedia using portals

[1] Merkl, Peter; Leonard, Weinberg (2 August 2004). Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76421-0.

[2] "India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism".

[3] ROSEN, RUTH (27 December 1994). "Which of Us Isn't Taking 'Welfare'? : Poor children rank low in government largess; why is the comfortable class so mean?". Los Angeles Times.

[4] Séguin, Gilles. "Provincial Welfare Reforms in the 1990s – Canadian Social Research Links".

[5] Maloney, Tim (1 May 2002). "Welfare Reform and Unemployment in New Zealand". Economica. 69 (274): 273–293. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00283.

[6] "Policy Exchange – Shaping the Policy Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014.

[7] ttps://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/19/report-us-executions-dipped-in-2013

[8] Handyside, AH; Kontogianni, EH; Hardy, K; Winston, RM (1990). "Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification". Nature. 344 (6268): 768–70. Bibcode:1990Natur.344..768H. doi:10.1038/344768a0. PMID 2330030.

[9] Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2004). The Roaring Nineties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32618-5.

[1]