STATUS EPILEPTICUS

Case EMS arrives with a 39 year old woman in the midst of a generalized tonic clonic seizure. The seizure has lasted at least 12 minutes now, so this is status epilepticus. No information is available about her past history. The paramedics were unable to start an IV, but did administer one dose of IM…

CHEST X RAY INTERPRETATION

Contents Introduction Indications Opening EXPOSURE System – ABCDEF General Terms, hints and tips A normal Chest X-ray Pneumonia Pleural Effusion Heart Failure Lung Cancer (mass) Pneumothorax INTRODUCTION The chest x-ray (also known as CXR or Chest Radiograph) is probably the most commonly performed medical imaging procedure. An x-ray can typically discern 4 different densities: Air (black) Metal – i.e.…

ABG INTERPRETATION

There are four classic disturbances in traditional acid-base equilibria: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. The body tries to compensate for a primary disturbance(s) (i.e., metabolic alkalosis) through one or more mechanisms (i.e., respiratory acidosis). For simplicity, respiratory events deal with the lungs and carbon dioxide (pCO2), whereas metabolic events involve the kidneys and bicarbonate (HCO3–). Although the…

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