Comparing In-Person and Online Survey Respondents in the U.S. National Transgender Discrimination Survey: Implications for Transgender Health Research
Abstract
Purpose: In the absence of probability sample studies of transgender people, new methods are needed to yield study samples that reflect the demographic diversity of the transgender population.
Methods: The National Transgender Discrimination Survey is a large, convenience sample of 6,456 transgender adults between the ages of 18 and 89. We examined characteristics of purposively sampled respondents who, in 2008, completed a one-time survey either in-person (435 respondents) or online (6,021respondents). Missing data were multiply imputed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to test for differences in sociodemographic and health indicators by data collection method.
Results: A higher proportion of in-person respondents were young, male-to-female, people of color, publicly insured, with lower incomes and lower educational attainment than online respondents (all p<0.05). In-person respondents also were more likely than online respondents to be current daily smokers, to endorse substance use to cope with mistreatment, and to self-report as HIV-positive (all p<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings indicate that online and in-person data collection methods reach transgender respondents with vastly different health and life experiences. To achieve a more diverse sample of transgender adults, then, requires diverse recruitment settings and survey modalities.

Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.


